CPU

Central Processing Unit- The computer device that controls is the actual operations of the computer system; these include input, data transfer, arithmetic-ogic unit and output operations, which are the part of each program

CRT

Cathode-Ray-TubeA terminal device that prints messages on a device like tube, output iis said to be "softcopy" since it is not retained as a perminant record.

Card reader

A device that translates the holes in a punched card in to machine readable code

Card Punch

An ouput device of a computer system that punches card information that has been transmitted from the CPU

CAD

Computer Aided Desigh- A general term applied to the integration of computers and graphics to aid in the design and drafting processes

C

A general purpose high level programming language that also allows user to write low-level instructions that approach in density and efficiency those that are coded in machine language

Byte

A fixed number of bits that represents a character, The most common byte size is eight bit

Buffer

A temporary holding place for data, at CPU, at any input device or output device

Bug

A mistake in a program or an error in the working of the computer. Bugs can be removed by diagnostic routines to discover the error and then by debugging

Bpi

An abbreviation for bits per inch. Tape densities are measured in bits per inch(bpi). where a density of 800 bpi. for example, is eqivalent to 800 characters per inch

Bit

A contraction for binary digit. The term refers to the representation of data in binary form as a series of on/offs or 1/0 digits

Binary System

The base 2 numeric system, which uses the digit 0 and 1. Computer data can be represented by this number

Baud Rate

The unit of measuring data transmission speeds,usually measured in terms of bits per second

BASIC

Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code- A very simple language for using numerical problems developed in an online system.

Barcode

A series of thick and thin black bars and spaces of various widths that represents data

Backup File

A duplicate copy of file

Auxiliary Storage

A separate storage unit that supplements the CPU's primary storage

Assembly Language

A low level language thta uses mnemonic codes instead of 1s and 0s

ASCII

A common computer code used for data communications; an abbrevation for American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Arithmetic-Logic Unit(ALU)

The unit of a CPU that performs arithmetic operations and comparisions

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

A scientific field concerned with simulating the process of reasoning in order to shed light on the nature of rational thought

Analog Computer

A type of computer that recognizes data as a continuous measurement of physical property

Algorithm

A planned set of instructions or steps used to solve a particular problem

Abort

A symbol used to stop running of a computer programme abruptly. Generally it is used when a program is wrong

SQL CODE:-011 SQLSTATE:42603

Definition: COMMENT NOT CLOSED

Description: There is some problem with comments. Comments not closed property.Comments not closed correctly by comment delimiter. The comment is treated as if it were closed by the end of source file.

System Says: The statement cannot be processed

Remedy: Check the statement for any comment and see if they are closed properly. If the comments are not closed property, they will cause other errors and it will be very difficult to debug. Take extra care while using comments and execute the statements. Use some sql makers or editors which will highlight the comments content separately, through this we can easily debug where we did mistakes

SQL CODE:-010 SQLSTATE:42603

Definition: THE STRING CONSTANT BEGINNING string IS NOT TERMINATED

Description: The statement contains a string constant, beginning with 'string', that is not terminated properly. There must be some problem with quotations used for strings.

System Says: The statement cannot be processed

Remedy: Check the statement for any strings with proper quotes. It should be like ‘STRING’.

SQL CODE:-007 SQLSTATE: 42601

Definition:STATEMENT CONTAINS THE ILLEGAL CHARACTER invalid-character

Description: The specified invalid-character is not a valid character in SQL statements

System Says:The statement cannot be processed

Remedy: Check the statement for any special characters and remove them if any. Check for syntactical errors and correct them if any. Use SQL validator (Some thing like Google:sql fiddle) and execute it

SQL CODES AND SQL STATES

SQLCODE

An SQLCODE is a return code. The return code is sent by the database manager after completion of each SQL statement.

SQL STATE

SQLSTATE provides application programs with common return codes for success, warning, and error conditions

SQLSTATE values are particularly useful when handling errors in distributed SQL applications. SQLSTATE values are consistent with the SQLSTATE specifications contained in the SQL 1999 standard.

An SQLSTATE value is a return code that indicates the outcome of the most recently executed SQL statement

Computer Viruses

A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability.

Malware includes

computer viruses

computer worms

 ransomware

 trojan horses

 keyloggers

 rootkits

spyware

dishonest adware

malicious BHOs

and other malicious software.

Some of targets of Viruses

• Binary executable files (such as COM files and EXE files in MS-DOS, Portable Executable files in Microsoft Windows, the Mach-O format in OSX, and ELF files in Linux)
• Volume Boot Records of floppy disks and hard disk partitions
• The master boot record (MBR) of a hard disk
• General-purpose script files (such as batch files in MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, VBScript files, and shell script files on Unix-like platforms).
• Application-specific script files (such as Telix-scripts)
• System specific autorun script files (such as Autorun.inf file needed by Windows to automatically run software stored on USB memory storage devices).
• Documents that can contain macros (such as Microsoft Word documents, Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, AmiPro documents, and Microsoft Access database files)
• Cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in web applications (see XSS Worm)
• Arbitrary computer files. An exploitable buffer overflow, format string, race condition or other exploitable bug in a program which reads the file could be used to trigger the execution of code hidden within it. Most bugs of this type can be made more difficult to exploit in computer architectures with protection features such as an execute disable bit and/or address space layout randomization.